By reconsidering the vocabulary of remembering explored in De lingua Latina, the paper aims to point out Varro’s concept of memory: its functioning and its function. According to him, memoria is a manimoria, which remains alive in human mind and transmits knowledge (manet/monet). Together, I examine, through the cognitive metaphor of ‘eating’ and especially of ‘ruminating’, the link between repetition and education. The examples taken from Roman Republican culture, from Quintilian, Philo and Church Fathers show that repeating (‘ruminating’) is the means for acquiring and passing down knowledge. I focus then on the employ of the reflexive ruminari (‘to repeat aloud to someone’). Comparing its use to the chapter devoted to memory in Augustine’s Confessiones, I attempt to reconstruct the distinction, probably made up by Varro, between ‘memory’ and simple ‘repetition’: ‘rumination’ is useful for remembering, but it is not productive memory. As it appears in the fragments of Menippeae, this type of repetition can be mocked in contexts where tradition is considered useless. By this reflection Varro probably wanted to denounce contemporary cultural crisis and the devaluation of traditional upbringing practices. Some evidence will be given to support my suggestion that this discussion about the transmission of memory was originally made in Antiquitates, in order to introduce this work as a monumentum¸ a storage of productive memory for Romans.
Sulla base del riesame del lessico del ricordo analizzato nel De lingua Latina, l’articolo tenta di mettere in luce il funzionamento e la funzione della memoria secondo Varrone: la “manimoria”, rimanendo viva nella mens, trasmette il sapere (manet-monet). In parallelo, si considera il rapporto tra ripetizione mnemonica ed educazione a partire dalla metafora cognitiva del nutrimento, in particolare del ‘ruminare’. Gli esempi, tratti dalla cultura romana repubblicana, da Quintiliano, da Filone Alessandrino e dai Padri della Chiesa, mostrano che il ripetere (‘ruminare’) rappresenta lo strumento di acquisizione e trasmissione di sapientia. Si esaminano, poi, le occorrenze del riflessivo ruminari (‘ripetere ad alta voce a qualcuno’). Attraverso un confronto con il capitolo sulla memoria presente nelle Confessiones di Agostino, si tenta di ricostruire la distinzione tra ‘ricordo’ e semplice ‘ripetizione’/‘ruminare’, verosimilmente riconducibile a Varrone: il ‘ruminari’ sarebbe funzionale, ma non equivalente alla memoria. Infatti, come emerge dal suo uso nelle Menippeae, la “ripetizione ruminante” è derisa in contesti in cui la tradizione è considerata inutile. Con tale riflessione il Reatino voleva forse denunciare la crisi culturale coeva e la svalutazione delle pratiche educative tradizionali. Alcuni indizi fanno ipotizzare che questa trattazione della memoria fosse originariamente esposta nelle Antiquitates, possibilmente per presentare l’opera come monumentum, come contenitore di memoria viva per i Romani.
Memoria e sapientia: meccanismi e crisi della memoria in Varrone
LEONARDIS I
2017-01-01
Abstract
By reconsidering the vocabulary of remembering explored in De lingua Latina, the paper aims to point out Varro’s concept of memory: its functioning and its function. According to him, memoria is a manimoria, which remains alive in human mind and transmits knowledge (manet/monet). Together, I examine, through the cognitive metaphor of ‘eating’ and especially of ‘ruminating’, the link between repetition and education. The examples taken from Roman Republican culture, from Quintilian, Philo and Church Fathers show that repeating (‘ruminating’) is the means for acquiring and passing down knowledge. I focus then on the employ of the reflexive ruminari (‘to repeat aloud to someone’). Comparing its use to the chapter devoted to memory in Augustine’s Confessiones, I attempt to reconstruct the distinction, probably made up by Varro, between ‘memory’ and simple ‘repetition’: ‘rumination’ is useful for remembering, but it is not productive memory. As it appears in the fragments of Menippeae, this type of repetition can be mocked in contexts where tradition is considered useless. By this reflection Varro probably wanted to denounce contemporary cultural crisis and the devaluation of traditional upbringing practices. Some evidence will be given to support my suggestion that this discussion about the transmission of memory was originally made in Antiquitates, in order to introduce this work as a monumentum¸ a storage of productive memory for Romans.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.