Assessment of insight in hospitalized neurological patient: Cognitive profile and mood disorder

Purpose: Many studies have evaluated the characteristics of insight, especially in psychiatric patient populations. However, this construct has been poorly examined within neurological disorders. We explored the relationship between altered insight, mood disorders and neurocognitive functioning in a sample of patients admitted to a neurological rehabilitation unit. Method: Each patient, at the time of hospitalization (T0), underwent an evaluation of the overall cognitive profile, of the frontal functions, and the compilation of scales aimed at investigating the 4 domains under examination of insight and anxiety-depressive symptomatology. After 3 months (T1), at the end of the rehabilitative and supportive treatment, the patients underwent the same evaluation performed at T0. Results: Our results showed significant differences between T0 and T1 in the variables examined related to insight. In particular, there was a correlation between the global cognitive profile, including executive functions, and all insight domains. This confirms how the degree of cognitive deficit, especially of executive type, affects all levels of awareness of the individual. We have also found correlations between mood disorders and insight. In particular, our results show that depression versus anxiety plays a fundamental role in a person's awareness. Conclusions: The study of insight is fundamental not only for the relapses it could have on the patient, but also on those to health care professionals. In fact, having an adequate insight could lead to a greater motivation of the patient to be more complimentary to pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies, also favoring social reintegration.