Le normative a contrasto alle terapie di conversione sessuale. Un’analisi socio-giuridica

This article offers a comparative analysis of the legal frameworks adopted across various jurisdictions to prohibit or restrict so-called “conversion therapies”. These practices, aimed at repressing or altering the sexual orientation and gender identity of LGBT+ individuals, are widely condemned by the scientific community for their ineffectiveness and harmful psychological consequences. The article proposes a typology of four normative paradigms (regulatory-deontological, limited prohibitionist, integral prohibitionist, and anti-regulatory) and compares them along several key dimensions: legal basis, protected subjects, banned practices, and applicable sanctions. The analysis highlights both strengths and weaknesses of existing legal strategies and stresses the need to complement legal bans with cultural and educational measures. It calls for a structural and intersectional approach to LGBT+ rights, moving beyond medicalized or minor-centered protections.