Modeling problematic use of social media in an eastern culture: a Chinese study

Background: Despite the advantages of social media (SMs), SM usage may become problematic. A theoretical model of problematic use of social media (PUSM) across different cultural contexts is currently lacking. We conducted a large cross-cultural study, adapting the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) into Problematic Social Network Sites Use Scale (PSNSUS), to examine the factor structure of PSNSUS and the feasibility of the model of generalized PIU in the context of PUSM across multiple cultures. Here we present the study from China. Methods: A convenience sample of 1392 individuals (aged 18-50 years) completed a self-reported online survey, including their demographics and a 15-items PSNSUS. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretical model. Results: The Chinese version of the PSNSUS (including five subscales, i.e., preference for online social interaction - POSI, mood regulation, cognitive preoccupation, compulsive use, and negative outcomes) showed good fit indices and internal consistency. The POSI factor positively predicted SM use for mood regulation and poor self-regulation; using SMs for mood regulation positively predicted poor self-regulation; and poor self-regulation positively predicted negative outcomes of SMs use. Conclusions: The results suggest that generalized PIU should be considered in the context of PUSM, and the Chinese version of the PSNSUS may serve as a valuable tool in understanding SM use in China.