This chapter examines the transformation of religion within digital environments, approaching digital religion not as the simple relocation of beliefs, institutions, and practices online, but as a reconfiguration of religion produced through the interaction of people, platforms, devices, and technological languages. After emphasizing the fluid and unstable nature of digital sources, the study reconstructs the genealogy of the field, from early interpretations of cyberspace as a separate reality to the onlife paradigm, in which online and offline dimensions can no longer be meaningfully separated. Particular attention is devoted to the changing meanings of ritual experience, authenticity, and religious authority. Digital and immersive rituals are not understood as deficient copies of physical practices, but as distinctive forms capable of generating participation, belonging, and meaning through new modes of embodiment and mediated presence. Virtual reality, augmented reality, and the Metaverse expand the possible spaces of the sacred, enabling pilgrimages, celebrations, and contemplative practices that could not exist solely within physical environments. Artificial intelligence introduces a further shift, since it not only communicates religious content but also selects, interprets, and generates it, increasingly performing catechetical, pastoral, and spiritual functions. Religious authority consequently moves from the exclusively institutional level toward infrastructural and algorithmic forms of mediation. The chapter therefore proposes a relational understanding of technological responsibility and stresses the need for transparent systems of digital governance capable of safeguarding pluralism, access, and dissent. Digital religion ultimately emerges as a crucial analytical lens through which to understand both the transformation of religious experience and the changing ontology of human presence in the post-digital age.
Il contributo analizza la trasformazione del fenomeno religioso negli ambienti digitali, assumendo la digital religion non come semplice trasferimento online di credenze, istituzioni e pratiche, ma come processo di riconfigurazione del religioso prodotto dall’interazione tra persone, piattaforme, dispositivi e linguaggi tecnologici. Dopo aver sottolineato la natura fluida e transitoria delle fonti digitali, il saggio ricostruisce la genealogia del campo di studi, dalle prime interpretazioni del cyberspazio come realtà separata fino al paradigma onlife, nel quale le dimensioni online e offline risultano ormai inseparabili. Particolare attenzione è riservata alla progressiva ridefinizione dell’esperienza rituale, dell’autenticità e dell’autorità religiosa. I riti digitali e immersivi non sono considerati copie imperfette di quelli in presenza, ma pratiche capaci di generare partecipazione, appartenenza e significato attraverso nuove forme di embodiment e presenza mediata. Realtà virtuale, realtà aumentata e Metaverso ampliano gli spazi del sacro, consentendo pellegrinaggi, celebrazioni e pratiche contemplative non realizzabili nei soli ambienti fisici. L’intelligenza artificiale introduce un ulteriore mutamento, poiché non si limita a trasmettere contenuti religiosi, ma li seleziona, interpreta e genera, assumendo funzioni catechetiche, pastorali e spirituali. Ne deriva uno spostamento dell’autorità dal solo piano istituzionale a quello infrastrutturale e algoritmico. Il saggio propone pertanto una lettura relazionale della responsabilità tecnologica e richiama la necessità di forme trasparenti di governance capaci di tutelare pluralismo, accesso e dissenso. La digital religion emerge, infine, come una lente privilegiata per comprendere le trasformazioni dell’esperienza religiosa e della stessa presenza umana nell’era post-digitale.
Nuovi orizzonti e nuovi confini della digital religion: intelligenza artificiale e realtà immersive
Antonio Salvati
2025-01-01
Abstract
This chapter examines the transformation of religion within digital environments, approaching digital religion not as the simple relocation of beliefs, institutions, and practices online, but as a reconfiguration of religion produced through the interaction of people, platforms, devices, and technological languages. After emphasizing the fluid and unstable nature of digital sources, the study reconstructs the genealogy of the field, from early interpretations of cyberspace as a separate reality to the onlife paradigm, in which online and offline dimensions can no longer be meaningfully separated. Particular attention is devoted to the changing meanings of ritual experience, authenticity, and religious authority. Digital and immersive rituals are not understood as deficient copies of physical practices, but as distinctive forms capable of generating participation, belonging, and meaning through new modes of embodiment and mediated presence. Virtual reality, augmented reality, and the Metaverse expand the possible spaces of the sacred, enabling pilgrimages, celebrations, and contemplative practices that could not exist solely within physical environments. Artificial intelligence introduces a further shift, since it not only communicates religious content but also selects, interprets, and generates it, increasingly performing catechetical, pastoral, and spiritual functions. Religious authority consequently moves from the exclusively institutional level toward infrastructural and algorithmic forms of mediation. The chapter therefore proposes a relational understanding of technological responsibility and stresses the need for transparent systems of digital governance capable of safeguarding pluralism, access, and dissent. Digital religion ultimately emerges as a crucial analytical lens through which to understand both the transformation of religious experience and the changing ontology of human presence in the post-digital age.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


